Variation in leisure sport conflicts and coping strategies depending on participation type and proximity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: New conflict types have arisen in leisure sports activities due to social regulations designed to address COVID-19. We analyze the differences in conflict-inducing factors and coping strategies across various types of leisure sports and levels of spatial proximity. Methods: Korean adults aged between 20 and 60 years, who had participated in leisure sports activities since the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020, were surveyed, and 508 responses were collected for analysis. The differences in leisure sports conflicts and coping strategies across the types of leisure sports participation and spatial proximity were tested. Results: The results show that conflict due to prejudice was higher in typical indoor sports activities, such as Pilates, yoga, and gym workouts, whereas conflict due to competition or not observing etiquette was higher in indoor golf. Second, conflict due to prior expectations and prejudice was high in outdoor sports activities, such as jogging and hiking. Finally, all participants showed avoidance behavior, but it was observed more frequently in outdoor sports than indoor sports. Discussion: The study reveals how much leisure conflict is induced by various types of leisure sports participation, particularly during outdoor activities, which usually feature a relatively low density of participants. It underscores the necessity of developing structural approaches to resolving leisure conflicts in dangerous spaces or requiring intensive management and creating new leisure sports activities.

The effect of level of doing sports activities and attitude towards recreational activities on burnout level and COVID-19 phobia in physicians

It has been recommended to implement physically active lifestyles against the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic process, many healthcare professionals had to lead a stressful life due to long hours of intensive healthcare. This situation directly affected the burnout levels of physicians as well as indirectly affected patients seeking treatment. The goal of this study was to look into the effects of physicians' levels of participation in sports, their attitudes toward sporting recreational activities, and the effects of COVID-19 phobias on burnout. 272 physicians participated in the study. The Health Belief Scale Regarding Sports Recreational Activities (HBSSRA), Maslach Burnout Scale (MBI), and COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) were used during data collection. Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to establish a model. MBI total and emotional exhaustion scores were significantly different according to the physicians' participation levels in sportive activities (P=0.740, P=0.136). Statistically significant correlation was found between HBSSRA and MBI total scores (r=-0.313, P=0.009). The probability of emotional exhaustion was 1.45 times higher in physicians with low level of participation in sports activities. The increase in HBSSRA scores had a protective effect on emotional burnout (P=0.028, OR: 0.72). We are hopeful that the findings obtained from physicians will highlight the importance of sports and recreational activities, paving the way for improvement strategies that will benefit those who are most affected by the COVID-19 crisis.